There are many variations and different ways that it can be wired but the most common and most basic variation has the power supply to the switch box and a switched line from there to the light. In theory if you break the circuit on either wire it will stop the flow of electricity.

How Should I Rewire A Miswired 3 Way Switch Home
Wiring a light switch common. Add an electrical box for the second three way switch in the basement. Wiring a two way switch. Wiring a light switch introduction. The white wire is marked black on both ends to identify it as hot. A single pole light switch is a fairly simple circuit. Why the light switches need to live on the black wire.
A one way light switch has two terminals which is a common marked as com or c. If you only have one cable in the device box then the switch outlet is likely wired as a switch leg drop. These are called terminal screws. First of all we should connect the ground wires to the box. This circuit is wired with a 2 wire cable running from the light to the switch location. Feed a length of 14 3 type nm cable or 12 3 if youre connecting to 12 gauge wire between the two.
You should see two black wires each connecting to a different screw on the right side of the switch. The reason is because all of the white wires connect. Lights and light switches are among the most common wiring elements in a home. Once again the white neutral wires are simply joined together and the grounding wires are joined together with pigtails connecting the switch and to the box if it is metal. However at this second switch the common screw terminal is connected to a black hot wire that leads onward to the light fixture. The neutral from the source is connected directly to the neutral terminal on the light and the source hot is spliced with the white loop wire.
Turn off the correct circuit at your electrical panel. The 1 pole light switch will have two terminals on it and possibly a third terminal that is a ground connection. Either way complete these five steps for 3 way light switch wiring. In practice you need to put light switches on the hot black wire rather than the white neutral wire. Wiring a one way switch. Thats why people sometimes refer to it as common.
Assuming it is a steel box. The most common requirement of any hardwired automated light switch is a neutral wire. This faq has been written to explain the different types of light switches circuits and terminologies. You should also see a green wire called a ground wire which. Wiring a light switch with the power coming to the switch and then going to the lights you will notice that there are two black wires two white wires and two ground wires bare wires. For those of us using led fluorescent or some other energy efficient bulbs under 20w a neutral is required.
The most common light switch is the single pole light switch. Yes there are a few read very very very few switches that dont require a neutral but those will limit you to incandescent only.